Harry Potter Word Art Harry Potter Merpeople Drawing Easy

ten Feb 2018

Accept you e'er lost something and were searching for information technology desperately, wishing for an easy manner to locate information technology? Have you always been anxious, seeking for a way to avoid a particular matter happening? Have yous ever hoped for a miracle to find true love? Yous are not solitary: people in the ancient world had exactly the same problems, but they may have been less reluctant than us to make use of a special tool – magic.

The Ibis spell from a handbook of magic, Egypt, tertiary century: Papyrus 121(two)r

The British Library'south blockbuster exhibition,Harry Potter: A History of Magic , gives an splendid insight into how people in the by applied magic to solve their problems. Essentially, magic provided the practitioner with a adventure to influence fate and the gods.

St Anthony commanding demons from the Theodore Psalter, executed in Constantinople, 1066: Add MS 19352, f. 151r

Egyptian papyri written in the Greek and Coptic languages preserve unique survivals of ancient magical practices, long idea to have been destroyed or lost after the advent of Christianity. A number of these threerd to 6thursday-century documents adjure to a significant employ of magic in the already Christianised province of Egypt.

Epitome of the crucifixion from a 6thursday-century Coptic magical text: Or 6796 (4)

The British Library owns 1 of the finest collections in the world of these Greek magical papyri. Consummate manuscripts, in book format and also on long scrolls of near 2 metres in length, are preserved here. Some of these documents are handbooks probably used by professional person magicians in the iiird to4thursday centuries. They nerveless charms and related instructions for a diversity of purposes, such every bit to predict the future, locate lost or stolen property, or to catch thieves.

A spell to catch a thief: 'As long equally I strike this centre with this hammer, allow the eye of the thief be struck and swell up until information technology betrays him', from a handbook of magic, Egypt, 4th century: Papyrus 46, f. 2v

Other, shorter papyrus manuscripts contain merely one or two specific charms with a brusk guide on how to apply them. These may have been sold to individual customers past the magicians.

A amuse to become your enemies destroyed by demons, Egypt, quaternary century: Papyrus 123

A common feature of all these spells is that they are not supplications and prayers, but rather commands to spiritual, demonic entities to serve the users and consummate their orders. Commanding otherworldly beings to obey a mortal man had ii bones requirements: noesis of the demon'due south total and exact proper noun, and a physical way to ensure that the demon would perform the asking. The magical formulas on the papyri are always conscientious to include the long and complicated names of the demons being evoked.

'The name of power of the great god KMEPHIS CHPHYKIS IAEO IAEOBAPHRENE', written inside a serpent biting its tail, from a handbook of magic, Egypt, 3rd century: Papyrus 121(ii)r

The other important mode to harness the demon'southward power was to  connect them physically with the victim. A ivth-century Greek magical handbook, Papyrus 46, currently on brandish in Harry Potter: A History of Magic, provides an excellent illustration of how this might be accomplished. This handbook records detailed instructions on how to compel the demons to bind someone not to exercise something, by using an atomic number 26 band to establish a physical bail with the target of the magic. The curious recipe reads every bit follows:

'Take a papyrus and an iron ring, put the band on the papyrus and draw the outlines of the ring with a pen, within and outside. On the area exterior the ring write the proper name and invocation of the demon, on the inside the following: "Let whatever I wish not take place OR permit so-and-so non get married forever". Then put the ring on its outline, wrap it up with the papyrus until it is completely covered. Bind the package with cords and throw it into an unused well or dig information technology into the grave of someone untimely dead and say the following, "Spirit of the dead …"'

The magic band, from a handbook of magic, Egypt, 4th century: Papyrus 46, f 5v

Nosotros don't know anyone who has always tried this spell, and we tin can't guarantee its success. Information technology's fascinating, nonetheless, to see this practical awarding of 4th-century magic. The papyrus itself is before long on view in London, and you can also read more almost it in the book which accompanies the exhibition. You can also currently see the cute Theodore Psalter, featured to a higher place, in our complimentary Treasures Gallery, besides reading more nigh the British Library'south Greek manuscripts on our dedicated website.

Peter Toth

Follow us on Twitter @BLMedieval

24 January 2018

One of the almost exciting moments when curating our current exhibition,Harry Potter: A History of Magic, came when the British Museum kindly agreed to lend us some of their own magical items. The Library and Museum have a long-standing relationship. Apart from having a shared history dating back to 1753 and once occupying the aforementioned abode at Bloomsbury, we oftentimes support each others' exhibitions. You may recollect, for example, that in 2015 we blogged here nigh the British Museum's loans to Magna Carta: Constabulary, Liberty, Legacy. We were equally delighted when news came through that the Museum was willing to lend united states of america no fewer than five magnificent items for our Harry Potter bear witness, numbering an astrolabe, some divination cards, a kappa netsuke, a 18-carat mermaid and the wonderful Battersea Cauldron.

I accept to say that nosotros could not help punching the air when nosotros heard that the mermaid and cauldron, in item, might be wending their mode to our exhibition. All five items complement the Library'south own books and manuscripts and the other items on brandish, helping to engage, entertain and brainwash our visitors in equal measure out. We'd like to keep record here to thank the Trustees of the British Museum for their generosity in lending their items to us, and for helping to brand our testify so spectacular.

Fans of J.1000. Rowling'due south Harry Potter novels volition be familiar with Harry'south come across with the merpeople inThe Goblet of Fire. We take a 18-carat specimen of a mermaid in our exhibition, courtesy of the British Museum. Information technology was presented to the Museum by Princess Arthur of Connaught in 1942, and had allegedly been caught in Japan some 200 years previously. We often say that it is reminiscent of Edvard Munch's The Scream. Somewhat disappointingly, we take to reveal that this mermaid was made by fusing together the upper body of a monkey and the tail of a fish, and is evidence of an East Asian trend in the 1700s for fabricating merpeople. We have placed information technology on show in the room devoted to Care of Magical Creatures, alongside medieval illustrations of phoenixes and printed images of ii-horned unicorns.

Astrolabes were probably invented by the Greeks 2000 years agone. They provide a ii-dimensional map of the heavens, and could be used to identify the stars and planets and for determining breadth. In the Islamic world, they are besides used to find the management of Mecca, which Muslims confront when they pray. This finely decorated case, on loan from the British Museum, is made of contumely inlaid with silverish, and can be dated to the 1200s. The Library's curators have called to place it alongside a manuscript from medieval Bohemia, depicting astronomers and astrologers on Mount Athos.

The kappa takes its name from the Japanese words for 'river' (kawa) and 'child' (wappa). They were mischievous creatures, and reputedly pulled people into the lakes and rivers in which they dwelt. This seated example of a kappa is in the course of anetsuke, a modest sculptural object that is part of traditional Japanese wearing apparel.Netsukeofttimes took the shape of mythical beasts and could role as talismans. Carved of wood, the kappa's head has a distinctive hollow to contain the fluid vital to its strength. We made the decision to place thisnetsuke in Defence Confronting the Dark Arts, a room which is also dedicated to basilisks, werewolves and snake magic.

Cartomancy is a form of divination that uses cards to predict the time to come. This pack from the 1700s is reputedly the earliest designed specifically for divination. The 52 cards follow an unusual procedure. The kings prompt questions that are answered in the form of enigmatic rhyming phrases. Each card was inscribed with the name of a famous astronomer, seer or magician, such equally Merlin, Doctor Faustus and Nostradamus. Other items on display in Divination include Chinese oracle bones owned past the British Library and crystal balls loaned past the Museum of Witchcraft and Magic.

Cauldrons are i of the nearly potent symbols of witchcraft. They were used historically for many unlike purposes, including preparing potions. This particular example was found in the River Thames at Battersea in 1861, and had perhaps been deposited as an offering to the gods. It is almost 3000 years old and was created by riveting together seven plates of sheet bronze. Visitors to the exhibition can view it in the Potions room, alongside the oldest printed detail of witches with a cauldron, dating from 1489, and the tenth-century Bald's Leechbook.

Harry Potter: A History of Magic has proved hugely pop, and thousands of people take visited it in London since it opened last October (information technology closes on 28 Feb). Nosotros are extremely grateful to the British Museum and all our other lenders for their gracious support, and for helping us to enthral all our visitors, young and old.

Julian Harrison (Lead Curator,Harry Potter: A History of Magic)

Follow u.s. on Twitter @BLMedieval

16 January 2018

One of the bully thrills of curating our blockbuster exhibition, Harry Potter: A History of Magic, has been choosing the exhibits and revisiting some of our favourite manuscripts. When nosotros were planning the show, I oftentimes used to print people past mentioning certain of the books and objects we were intending to brandish: medieval manuscripts, Chinese oracle bones and, oh aye, something written by somebody called Leonardo da Vinci, "you lot may take heard of him?" At this point heads ever turned, and I knew we'd captured everyone'south attention.

So what exactly was I talking nigh, when I mentioned that Leonardo's writings would be featured in the exhibition? You may be aware that Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), the cracking inventor, scientist and artist, made copious notes throughout his career. These were gathered into a serial of notebooks, one of which is today preserved at the British Library in London, where it is known equally the 'Codex Arundel' (later on a erstwhile owner, the Earl of Arundel): its shelfmark is Arundel MS 263 and information technology can be viewed in its entirety on our Digitised Manuscripts site. The notes are written in Italian, and if you lot examine the writing closely, you immediately recognise that they are in Leonardo'southward characteristic mirror handwriting, reading from right to left.

Leonardo da Vinci'south notebook (Italia, c. 1506-08): Arundel MS 263, f. 104r

One page from Leonardo's notebook seemed particularly appropriate to evidence in the Astronomy room of Harry Potter: A History of Magic, aslope objects such as an Arabic astrolabe and the oldest surviving manuscript which charts the nighttime heaven (made in Cathay effectually the year Advertising 700). The diagram shown here describes the reflection of lite, according to the alignments of the Sun, Moon and Earth. Leonardo da Vinci'southward illustration shows the Lord's day and Moon revolving circular the Earth, accepting the theory popularised by the Greek astronomer, Ptolemy (d. c. AD 170), that the Earth occupied the centre of the universe. Leonardo was writing, of class, approximately 100 years before the invention of the telescope.

A item of Leonardo da Vinci'due south notebook, showing the reflection of calorie-free: Arundel MS 263, f. 104r

On the right-hand side of this folio are ii diagrams showing the Earth and Moon. The 2nd of these supports Leonardo's conventionalities that the Moon was covered with water, and that its surface would operate similar a convex mirror, reflecting light. We may no longer believe this to exist true (everyone knows that the Moon is made of cream cheese) only it'south always fascinating to get a start-hand insight into the mind of a genius such as Leonardo da Vinci. Placing his notebook on display in our Harry Potter exhibition has enabled more than of our visitors to come face-to-face up with this intriguing document. Maybe nosotros will take inspired some of the astronomers and scientists of the hereafter, who have been coming to run into the exhibition in their thousands.

The Globe and Moon in Leonardo da Vinci's notebook: Arundel MS 263, f. 104r

Harry Potter: A History of Magic is on show at the British Library in London until 28 February 2018. There has been a huge demand for tickets, so we strongly urge you to book in accelerate of your visit.

Julian Harrison (Pb Curator, Harry Potter: A History of Magic)

26 Dec 2017

Fans of a certain boy wizard will be familiar with Sirius Black, Harry Potter's dear godfather. In the Harry Potter books, Sirius Blackness was an Animagus, with the ability to turn into a shaggy-haired black dog. This is no coincidence, as his proper noun was inspired by Sirius, the brightest star in the night heaven, which lies in the constellation known every bit Canis major (The Greater Domestic dog). The British Library's exhibition Harry Potter: A History of Magic explores the history, mythology and sociology behind the Harry Potter stories, and we are delighted that it features a wonderful 12th-century astronomical treatise (Cotton MS Tiberius C I), containing an elaborate illustration and description of the constellation Sirius.

The constellation of Sirius the Dog Star, from Cotton wool MS Tiberius C I , f. 28r

This manuscript was produced at the Benedictine abbey of St Peter, St Paul and St Andrew in Peterborough, sometime in the early decades of the 12th century. The astronomical treatise information technology contains is known as the Aratea, beingness a Latintranslation(by Marcus Tullius Cicero) of the Phaenomena by Aratus of Soli. The description of each constellation is accompanied by a pen-drawing of either human being or animal figures, with red dots representing the stars. In this instance, the constellation Sirius takes the shape of a dog, with the words written in black ink.

The torso of Sirius (and the other figures in this manuscript) is infilled with an account of the origins and history of each constellation. They comprise quotations from the Astronomica written by Hyginus, an astronomical source-book. Sirius, from the Greek seirios aster, meaning 'scorching star', was thought to take been named by the Egyptian goddess Isis, because the star shone more brightly than any other. The dog days of summer were so-called because the hottest days of the yr traditionally coincided when the Domestic dog Star ascended to ascent before the Dominicus, from belatedly July until August.

The constellation of Orion, from Cotton MS Tiberius C I , f. 27v

Sirius was also said to be the hunting dog of Orion. The constellation Orion is portrayed in the same manuscript as a man inside a house. Co-ordinate to the Astronomica of Hyginus, Orion was accidentally slain past the goddess Diana, every bit the result of a challenge that she could not hit him with one of her hunting arrows. To mourn his death, she placed him among the constellations. Bellatrix, meaning 'female person warrior', is the third brightest star in the Orion constellation. Other figures in the night heaven include the Hare, the Hawkeye, the Swan and the Centaur. The terminal-named was believed to exist highly skilled in auspice, that is, the interpretation of omens.

The centaur was highly skilled in the interpretation of omens: the Centaur constellation, from Cotton wool MS Tiberius C I, f. 31v

Would yous like to stargaze more? This illustrated Aratea has been digitised by the Polonsky Foundation England and France, 700-1200 project. It is now bachelor to view online on our Digitised Manuscripts site. Two other copies of theAratea can likewise exist seen in total there, one fabricated in 9th-century French republic and later taken to Canterbury (Harley MS 647) and the other made at Fleury effectually the year one thousand (Harley MS 2506).

Meanwhile, the wonderful manuscript illustrated above is currently on brandish in the Astronomy department of the British Library's major exhibition,Harry Potter: A History of Magic . Tickets can exist purchased online, simply they are selling extremely fast. The testify has to end on 28 February, so grab information technology while you can.

Alison Ray

Follow united states of america on Twitter @BLMedieval

Function of the Polonsky Digitisation Project

Supported by

xx December 2017

The blockbuster exhibition at the British Library this winter is magical in more than means than one. Harry Potter: A History of Magic features not only original items from J.K. Rowling's own archive and some of the Library's precious manuscripts, but besides a number of items borrowed from the Museum of Witchcraft and Magic at Boscastle. Nosotros are indebted to the Museum of Witchcraft for their generosity in lending us real witches' cauldrons, broomsticks and wands, alongside crystal balls and a scrying mirror. All of these magical objects assist to contextualise the principal theme of this exhibition: that the Harry Potter novels are founded upon centuries of historical tradition, mythology and sociology.

This broomstick is one of our favourite exhibits. Information technology belonged to Olga Hunt, of Manaton in Devon. And so the story goes, Olga used to delight in riding her broomstick on Haytor Rocks on Dartmoor every Full Moon, jumping out on unsuspecting campers and courting couples.

A broomstick belonging to the 20th-century witch, Olga Hunt (©The Museum of Witchcraft and Magic, Boscastle)

This serpentine wand is also in the exhibition, thanks to the kindness of the Museum of Witchcraft. In magical tradition, snakes represent the duality between good and evil (and if you lot were going to own a wand, what better than having a wand in the shape of a ophidian?). We have placed it side by side to 1 of the British Library'due south own medieval manuscripts, showing a 'wizard' charming a ophidian.

A serpentine wand (©The Museum of Witchcraft and Magic, Boscastle)

This medieval bestiary describes several mythological snakes, including the cerastes (a horned serpent) and the scitalis (with incredible markings on its back). Information technology then focuses on the emorroris, a blazon of asp so-called because its seize with teeth causes haemorrhages; the victim sweat outs their own claret until they die. The manuscript goes on to explain that the asp can be caught if a conjurer sings to it in its cavern, making it fall asleep. This allows the snake charmer (shown property what seems to exist a wand) to remove the precious stone that grows on the asp'due south forehead.

A snake charmer, in a bestiary (England, 13th century): British Library Royal MS 12 C Xix, f. 67r

Another impressive object inHarry Potter: A History of Magic is this cauldron. According to the Museum of Witchcraft, it exploded when three witches were attempting to conjure upwardly a spirit on the beach. They fled in terror, and the cauldron was just afterwards retrieved from where it had landed on the rocks.

An exploded cauldron (©The Museum of Witchcraft and Magic, Boscastle)

There are a number of Museum of Witchcraft items in the Divination section of the exhibition, including a scrying mirror, which once belonged to the witch, Cecil Williamson (d. 1999). He warned that, if you lot gaze into information technology, 'and suddenly come across someone standing behind you, whatever you do, practice not turn effectually'. Also in the aforementioned room is this palmistry hand, which accompanies a 14th-century treatise on chiromancy. On the right paw of this medieval manuscript, a vertical line running across the palm reads, 'this line represents love'. A vertical line running between the heart and index finger has a less fortunate significant: 'This line signifies a bloody expiry and if the line reaches unto the eye of the finger it signifies a sudden death.' Other lines predict ailments and diseases, such as eye problems and the plague, and mental traits, such as courage, humility and infidelity.

A palmistry hand (©The Museum of Witchcraft and Magic, Boscastle)

A fortune-telling manuscript (England, 14th century): British Library Royal MS 12 C XII, f. 107r

Harry Potter: A History of Magic is on at the British Library until 28 February 2018. We are extremely grateful to our partners (The Blair Partnership, Pottermore, Bloomsbury Publishing, Google Arts and Culture) for their support, every bit well every bit to our many lenders for helping to brand the exhibition so magical.

Julian Harrison

Follow us on Twitter @BLMedieval

07 December 2017

Every bit a general rule, we don't normally give gardening advice on the Medieval Manuscripts Blog. It's just possible, however, that you may have been contemplating the best way to harvest a mandrake. And so here we provide you lot with some handy tips on cultivating this most notorious of plants, based on manuscripts in the British Library's collections.

A cure for insanity

In the Middle Ages, information technology was believed that mandrakes (mandragora) could cure headaches, earache, gout and insanity. At the aforementioned time, it was supposed that this establish was specially hazardous to harvest, because its roots resembled the homo form; when pulled from the footing, its shrieks could crusade madness.

The root of a mandrake, carved to resemble a tiny human, loaned from the Science Museum to the British Library'southward exhibition, Harry Potter: A History of Magic

Identify your mandrake

You would think this was elementary, simply it was long believed that at that place were 2 different sexes of mandrake (which we accept always been tempted to call the 'mandrake' and 'womandrake'). This cute 14th-century manuscript was on show in the British Library's Harry Potter: A History of Magic exhibition. It contains an Arabic version of De materia medica, originally written in Aboriginal Greek by Pedanius Dioscorides, who worked equally a dr. in the Roman army. Dioscorides was i of the first authors to distinguish (mistakenly) betwixt the male person and female mandrake, as depicted here. In fact, in that location is more than than one species of mandrake native to the Mediterranean, rather than 2 sexes of the same plant.

This mandrake, on the other paw, is quite clearly (ahem) the male person of the species ...

Below are two mandrakes, i male, one female, drawn in the lower margin of the Queen Mary Psalter — hanging upside down, their blood is clearly rushing to their heads.

It'south also advisable not to confuse your mandrake with a gonk, with an elephant (aye, they are elephants), or with a dragon.

Bring a domestic dog

Medieval constitute-collectors devised an elaborate method to harvest mandrakes. The best way to obtain ane safely was to unearth its roots with an ivory stake, attaching the plant to a domestic dog with a cord. A horn should then be sounded, drowning out the shrieking while at the same fourth dimension startling the dog, causing it to drag out the mandrake. This medieval mandrake looks resigned to its fate.

While this mandrake is blushing with shame at the prospect of being pulled out of the ground ...

This Anglo-Saxon hound has nonetheless to be tied to the mandrake (is that a ball that has distracted it attention?).

Stuff your ears with earth

Another flim-flam was to stuff your ears with clods of earth before attempting to pull the mandrake from the ground. The gentleman in the blood-red cap beneath has done exactly this, and is bravado resoundingly upon his horn: perfect technique!

You tin can read more about magical mandrakes in our online exhibition, Harry Potter: A History of Magic, in partnership with Google Arts and Culture.

Julian Harrison

Follow us on Twitter @BLMedieval

The manuscripts featured in this post

Or 3366: Baghdad, 14th century

Sloane MS 4016: Herbal, Lombardy, 15th century

Royal MS ii B VII: The Queen Mary Psalter, England, 14th century

Sloane MS 278: Bestiary, France, 13th century

Harley MS 1585: Herbal, Southern Netherlands, 12th century

Sloane MS 1975: Medical and herbal miscellany, England or Northern France, twelfth century

Cotton MS Vitellius C III: Herbal, England, 11th century

Harley MS 3736: Giovanni Cadamosto, Herbal, Southern Germany(?), 15th century

29 November 2017

If y'all're in London over the next few weeks, y'all may wish to pop into the British Library to nourish some of our Harry Potter-themed events. They back-trail our current major exhibition, Harry Potter: A History of Magic, and they cater for medievalists of all ages (and all tastes).

The phoenix equally imagined by Jim Kay, the exhibition poster for Harry Potter: A History of Magic

The adjacent talks in our series of Hogwarts Curriculum lectures are Care of Magical Creatures with Patrick Aryee on Lord's day, 3 December, and Alchemy with our friends from the Science Museum on Tuesday, 12 December. They both promise to be huge fun. Patrick Aryee will be talking about the weird and wonderful animals he's met on his travels, while the Science Museum will reveal the existent history of alchemy and the magical effects that can be achieved through science, and there will be a small dose of alchemic science alive on stage (have Health and Rubber been informed?). In between, on Tuesday, 5 December, the journalist Anita Anand will exist chairing an event entitled Women, Witches and Witch Trials, with a descendant of the Salem Witch Trials on the console.

In January, Julian Harrison, Lead Curator of Harry Potter: A History of Magic, will disembalm some of the secrets behind curating the exhibition (22 January), and in that location are two serial of classes organised by the British Library's Learning team, Picturing Magic (beginning on 23 January) and Medieval Magic and Astrology (beginning 24 January). Maybe y'all know someone who'd love to come up along?

The Ripley Scroll, providing instructions on how to make the Philosopher's Stone, on display until 28 February 2018 in Harry Potter: A History of Magic

Julian Harrison

Follow united states on Twitter @BLMedieval

24 November 2017

Books brand bully presents — simply enquire Charlemagne, Alcuin, Anne of Burgundy, Henry Half dozen, Henry VIII or Elizabeth I, all of whom gave or received manuscripts for Christmas or New Year. So, at present that the Christmas shopping season is upon us, nosotros would similar to recommend some of our colleagues' wonderful recent publications as gifts for the historian/art-lover/calligrapher/bibliophile in your life.

This year saw the publication of Andrea Clarke's fantastic Tudor Monarchs: Lives in Letters. This book contains transcriptions and translations, images and discussions of dozens of original documents. These include letters from Wolsey to Cromwell, a alphabetic character jointly written by Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn to Wolsey, and the typhoon of Elizabeth I's Tilbury oral communication ('I have the centre and stomach of a male monarch ...'). For anybody who is interested in the Tudors, this beautifully written volume is a wonderful fashion to get to know the people behind the portraits. It is an indispensable guide to some of the most pregnant surviving documents from the Tudor period, and you can buy it here.

For art lovers, there is Kathleen Doyle'south and Scot McKendrick's The Fine art of the Bible. This gorgeously illustrated volume explores ane,000 years of history. It examines the diverse means in which scribes and artists from Iraq to Northumbria to Ethiopia accept presented sacred texts. Each page is breath-taking. This volume is also available in French, German, Dutch and Italian. Purchase information technology here.

Our other recent publications are the books associated with the exhibition Harry Potter: A History of Magic. One of these is intended for children (Harry Potter: A Journey Through the History of Magic) and the other for a full general audience (Harry Potter: A History of Magic). Buy them here.

And don't just take our word for it — the Guardian has recommendedHarry Potter: A History of Magicequally 1 of the superlative 10 books to buy this holiday season. Harry Potter: A History of Magic is currently the best-selling item in the British Library store, so order it shortly!

A range of other books relating to medieval manuscripts and magic are available in the British Library shop, including Sophie Folio's Magic in Medieval Manuscripts and Astrology in Medieval Manuscripts. There are also postcards and fifty-fifty Oyster Card holders featuring medieval manuscripts in the British Library'south shop. So whether you are transfixed by the Tudors, enthralled by illuminations or fascinated by phoenixes, there is something for everyone this Christmas.

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Source: https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/harry-potter/page/2/

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